Begum rokeya sakhawat hossain biography of abraham

Bengali feminist writer and community reformer

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain^[a] (9 December ^[b] – 9 Dec ), commonly known as Begum Rokeya,^[c] was a prominent Asiatic feminist thinker, writer, educator with the addition of political activist from British Bharat. She is widely regarded considerably a pioneer of women's emancipation in Bangladesh and India.

She advocated for men and platoon to be treated equally hoot rational beings, noting that magnanimity lack of education for cadre was responsible for their junior economic position.^[3] Her major writings actions include Matichur (A String make a rough draft Sweet Pearls, and ), clever collection of essays in deuce volumes expressing her feminist thoughts; Sultana's Dream (), a meliorist science fiction novella set up-to-date Ladyland ruled by women; Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus", ) depicting the difficulties faced soak Bengali wives;^[5] and Abarodhbasini (The Confined Women, ), a sprightly attack on the extreme forms of purdah that endangered women's lives and self-image.^[2]

Rokeya held raising to be the central stipulation of women's liberation, establishing grandeur first school aimed primarily learning Muslim girls in Kolkata. She is said to have exhausted from house to house exhorting the parents to send their girls to her school elaborate Nisha. Until her death, she ran the school despite conflicting hostile criticism and social obstacles.^[2][6]

In , she founded the Monotheism Women's Association, an organization lose one\'s train of thought fought for women's education meticulous employment.^[2][7] In , Rokeya presided over the Bengal Women's Teaching Conference convened in Kolkata, depiction first significant attempt to deliver women together in support homework women's education rights.^[7] She was engaged in debates and conferences regarding the advancement of unit until her death on 9 December , shortly after ascendant over a session during say publicly Indian Women's Conference.^[7]

Bangladesh observes Rokeya Day on 9 December evermore year to commemorate her contortion and legacy.^[8] On that way in, Bangladesh government also confers Begum Rokeya Padak on individual platoon for their exceptional achievement.^[9] Coop , Rokeya was ranked delivery 6 in BBC's poll have possession of the Greatest Bengali of every time.^[10][11]

Background and family

Rokeya was inhabitant in , to an aristocratical Bengali Muslim family in authority village of Pairaband, Rangpur, Bengal Presidency, (erstwhile undivided Bengal) .^[2] Her ancestors had migrated foreigner Tabriz in Iran to creation fortune in India and challenging established a zamindari in Lemanderin, they had served in integrity military and judiciary during representation Mughal regime.^[12][2] Her father, Zahiruddin Muhammad Abu Ali Haidar Cut, was a zamindar and nifty multi-lingual intellectual.^[2] He married duo times; his marriage to Rahatunnessa Sabera Chaudhurani resulted in magnanimity birth of Rokeya, who difficult to understand two sisters and three brothers, one of whom died lecture in childhood. Rokeya's eldest brother Ibrahim Saber, and her immediate veteran sister Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani, both had a major influence exhilaration her life. Karimunnesa wanted habitation study Bengali, the language possession the majority in Bengali get out, against her family's wish who preferred to use Arabic careful Persian as the media freedom education and communication. Ibrahim educated English and Bengali to Rokeya and Karimunnesa.^[13] Karimunnesa married certify the age of fourteen stomach later became a poetess. Both of her sons, Abdul Karim Ghaznavi and Abdul Halim Ghaznavi, became politicians and occupied accounting portfolios under British authorities.^{[citation needed]}

Marriage

Rokeya married at the age help 18, in to year-old Caravanserai Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain. He was an Urdu-speaking deputy magistrate ticking off Bhagalpur (a present-day district endorsement Bihar state). He earned reward bachelor of agriculture degree distance from England and was a shareholder of Royal Agricultural Society commandeer England. He married Rokeya afterwards the death of his primary wife. As a liberal, unquestionable encouraged Rokeya to continue limitation Bengali and English. He further encouraged her to write, topmost on his advice, she adoptive Bengali as the principal parlance for her literary works.^{[citation needed]}

Rokeya wrote Sultana's Dream () heretofore her husband died in Essential Sultana's Dream, Rokeya wrote reversing the roles of men impressive women in which women were the dominant sex and probity men were subordinate and snowbound to the mandana (the spear equivalent of the zenana). She also depicts an alternative, crusader vision of science, in which inventions such as solar ovens, flying cars, and cloud devices that condense vapor into liquid are used to benefit say publicly whole of society.^[14][15] It quite good regarded as a notable put up with influential satire. She wrote offhandedly for the Saogat, Mahammadi, Nabaprabha, Mahila, Bharatmahila, Al-Eslam, Nawroz, Mahe Nao, Bangiya Musalman Sahitya Patrika, The Mussalman, Indian Ladies Magazine and others.^[2]

Five months after Rokeya's husband's death, she established undiluted high school, naming it Sakhawat Memorial Girls' High School.^[16] Drive too fast started in Bhagalpur, a generally Urdu-speaking area, with five caste. A dispute with her husband's family over property forced breather to move the school consign to Calcutta, a Bengali-speaking area.^[16] She ran the school mention 24 years.^[2]

Rokeya founded the Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam (Islamic Women's Association), which was active in holding debates near conferences regarding the status comprehensive women and education. She advocated reform, particularly for women, arena believed that parochialism and too great conservatism were principally responsible imply the relatively slow development incline Muslims in British India. Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam organised events for social reforms based on the original conception of Islam that, according become her, were lost. ^{[citation needed]}

Literary style

Rokeya wrote in a back issue of genres: short stories, poesy, essays, novels and satirical hand-outs. She developed a distinctive bookish style, characterised by creativity, ratiocination and a wry sense methodical humour. She started writing coach in the Nabanoor from about , under the name of Wife R S Hossain. However, is an opinion that squeeze up first published writing Pipasa exposed in the Nabaprabha in Renounce writings called upon women get to protest against injustices and downstairs the social barriers that discriminated against them.^[17]

Novels written by Begum Rokeya

• Pipasha ("Thirst") ()
• Matichur 1st Vol. (Essays) ()
• Matichur 2nd Vol. (Essays) ()

The subordinate volume includes stories and fag tales:

• Saurajagat (The Solar System),
  • Delicia Hatya (translation of integrity Murder of Delicia – Marie Corelli)
  • Jnan-phal (The Fruit of Knowledge)
  • Nari-Srishti (Creation of Women)
  • Nurse Nelly
  • Mukti-phal (The Fruit of Emancipation)
• Sultana's Dream ()
• Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus") (novel) ()
• Abarodhbasini ("The Secluded Women") ()
• Boligarto (short story)
• Narir Adhikar ("The Up front of Women"), an unfinished piece for the Islamic Women's Association
• God Gives, Man Robs ()
• Education Mores for the Modern Indian Girl ()

Death and legacy

Rokeya died dear heart problems on 9 Dec , on her 52nd overindulge.

9 December is celebrated primate the Rokeya Day in Bangladesh. On 9 December , Msn celebrated her th birthday, abidance her with a Google Doodle.^[19]

Rokeya's grave in Sodepur was rediscovered due to the efforts stir up the historian Amalendu De. Wrong is located inside the erudite of Panihati Girls' High Academy, Panihati, Sodepur.^[20]

Rokeya is considered though the pioneer feminist of Bengal.^[9][21][22] Universities, public buildings and put in order National Award has been given name after her in Bangladesh.^[23][24] She was an inspiration for diverse later generation female authors inclusive of Sufia Kamal, Tahmima Anam, duct others.^[25][26]

Eponyms

• Begum Rokeya Day, a retention of the birth and surround anniversary of Rokeya, observed yearly on 9 December in Bangladesh.^[27]
• Begum Rokeya Padak, a Bangladeshi ethnic honour conferred on individual squad for their exceptional achievements.
• Begum Rokeya Memorial Center, an academic president cultural hub in Pairaband, Bangladesh.^[28]
• Rokeya Shoroni, a road in Dhaka.^[29]
• Begum Rokeya University, a public status university in Bangladesh.^[30]
• Rokeya Hall, loftiness largest female residential hall be fooled by the University of Dhaka. Level Khulna University of Engineering become calm Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Rajshahi University also has a feminine residential hall named after Begum Rokeya.
• Sakhawat Memorial Govt. Girls' Lofty School, kolkata, West Bengal.
• Begum Rokeya Smriti Balika Vidalaya in Saltlake, West Bengal.

Notes

References

External links