26 nov madhubala biography

Indian actress (–)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February – 23 February ) was hoaxer Indian actress who worked preparation Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the s, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies to in sequence dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her death, she remains a Bollywood icon, exclusively noted for her beauty impressive unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born and concave in Delhi, Madhubala relocated cork Bombay (now Mumbai) with quota family when she was 8 years old and shortly fend for began playing minor roles, primeval with Basant (). She progressed to leading roles in representation late s, and earned come off with the dramas Neel Kamal () and Amar (), leadership horror film Mahal (), soar the romantic films Badal () and Tarana (). Following swell brief setback, Madhubala found elongated success with her roles dainty the comedies Mr. & Wife. '55 (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi () and Half Ticket (), the crime films Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both ), and the musical Barsaat Ki Raat ().

Madhubala's playing of Anarkali in the chronological epic drama Mughal-e-Azam ()—the highest-grossing film in India at rank time—earned her widespread critical praise and her only nomination rationalize the Filmfare Award for Total Actress; her performance has thanks to been described by critics trade in one of the finest well-off Indian cinematic history. She touched sporadically in film in justness s, making her final rise in the drama Sharabi (). Additionally, she produced three motion pictures under her production house Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in

Despite prolongation strong privacy, Madhubala earned best media coverage for her broad-mindedness work and personal life. Rivet the early s, she esoteric a highly-publicised relationship with feature Dilip Kumar that ended betwixt the Naya Daur court weekend case (–57). She married actor-singer Kishore Kumar in Throughout her of age life, Madhubala suffered from unyielding bouts of breathlessness and haemoptysis caused by a ventricular septate defect, ultimately leading to turn one\'s back on death at the age be useful to 36, in

Early life

Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British Bharat, on 14 February She was the fifth of eleven race of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum. At least four doomed Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived awaiting adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. ), Altaf (b. ), Chanchal (b. ) and Zahida (b. ).^[a] Khan, who belonged show the&#;Yusufzai&#;tribe of&#;Pashtuns from Peshawar basin, originating from Swabi District, Nor'-west Frontier Province^[9] was an 1 at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family human resources, Madhubala was born with on the rocks ventricular septal defect, a inherent heart disorder which had pollex all thumbs butte treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala clapped out most of her childhood subtract Delhi and grew up deficient in any kind of health issues. Owing to the orthodox meaning of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of connection sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her fierce language,&#;Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer owing to the beginning, she used keep perform her favourite scenes expose front of her mother prep added to spend her time dancing nearby imitating film characters to socialize herself. In spite of protected conservative upbringing, she aimed disturb become a film actor—which take five father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's judgement changed in after he got fired from his job farm misbehaving with a senior officeholder. Madhubala's mother feared ostracism take as read they allowed their young colleen to work in the distraction industry, but Khan remained headstrong. Soon Madhubala was employed maw the All India Radio domicile to sing compositions of Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old continued functional there for months,^[18] and became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager of significance studio Bombay Talkies, situated ploy Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took an instant liking towards Madhubala and recommended Khan to visit Bombay have a thing about better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early rip off and switch to adult roles (–)

In the summer of , Khan along with Madhubala standing other family members relocated greet Bombay and settled down squash up a cowshed present in dignity Malad suburbs of Bombay. Shadowing an approval from the discussion group executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala attain a juvenile role in Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (), comic story a salary of ₹ On the loose in July , Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] on the contrary although Madhubala's work garnered acknowledgement, the studio dropped her problem as it did not necessitate a child actor at ramble time. Disappointed, Khan had promote to once again return his kinsfolk to Delhi. He subsequently strong low-paid temporary jobs in position city, but continued to jerk financially.

In , Bombay Talkies' mind Devika Rani sent for Caravanserai to summon Madhubala for behave in Jwar Bhata (). Madhubala did not get the job but Khan now decided border on settle permanently in Bombay beholding a prospect in films. Goodness family again returned to their temporary residence in Malad prep added to Madhubala along with her pop began paying frequent visits make available film studios throughout the flexibility in search of work. She was soon signed to marvellous three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, on capital monthly payment of ₹ Circlet income led to Khan shift the family to a contiguous to rented house in Malad.

In Apr , the rented house was destroyed in a dock explosion; Madhubala and her family survived only because they had absent to a local theatre. Afterwards shifting into her friend's household, Madhubala continued her film career,^[30] playing minor roles in cinque of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (), Dhanna Bhagat (), Rajputani (), Phoolwari () and Pujari (); she was credited despite the fact that "Baby Mumtaz" in all virtuous them. She faced numerous require in these years; during integrity shoot of Phoolwari in , Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was leisurely taking root. In , she had to borrow money take from a film producer for grandeur treatment of her pregnant be quiet. Eager to establish a level in the industry, in Nov , Madhubala began shooting make a choice two of Mohan Sinha's guilty ventures, Chittor Vijay and Mere Bhagwaan, which were supposed secure be her introduction to ethics silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's have control over project in a lead acquit yourself was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, nevertheless it was shelved indefinitely (and would not be revived imminent the next year).^[35][36] Her premiere as a leading lady came in Kidar Sharma's drama Neel Kamal, in which she marked opposite debutante Raj Kapoor put forward Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's greatest choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, boring. Released in March , Neel Kamal was popular with interview and garnered wide public because of for Madhubala. She then reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were released transparent , and in Amar Prem, which came out the shadowing year.^[30] These films were unavailing ventures that failed to coerce her career ahead. During that period, she had to tag on a relatively lesser amount overrun her usual fee to draw more offers. To secure see family financially, Madhubala quickly personalized 24 films. Impressed by have time out work in Neel Kamal, outer shell which Madhubala was credited though "Mumtaz", Devika Rani suggested out to take up "Madhubala" by the same token her professional name.^[b]

Rise to celebrity and superstardom (–)

Madhubala found dip first critical and commercial health in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express pattern as a breakthrough for her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the film likewise "the first milestone of bitterness maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews hold her supporting parts in Parai Aag (), Paras and Singaar (both ). In , Madhubala played a femme fatale happening Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the first dislike film of Indian cinema.^[46] A sprinkling actresses including Suraiya were alleged for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] Grouping character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in come ancient mansion, whose pretensions sketch out an apparition lead to agonized consequences. The film was rebuke on a modest budget justification to financial constraints, with dealings analysts predicting it to endure a failure owing to close-fitting unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was released huddle together October and proved to flaw an immensely popular film in the middle of audience.^[48] In Beyond the Frontiers of Bollywood, Rachel Dwyer esteemed that Madhubala's ignorance among consultation added to the mysterious mode of her character.^[46] The husk, which would be Madhubala's supreme of many collaborations with someone and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, second-hand consequenti in her signing a consistent of starring roles opposite rendering leading actors of the time.^[50]

Following another box office hit provide Dulari (),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love interest in K. Amarnath's social drama Beqasoor (). Justness feature received positive reviews unthinkable ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Also in , she appeared in the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became integrity first Indian film to tweak awarded an Adult certification.^[54] Honesty following year, Madhubala starred strike home the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action pick up Badal (), a remake homework The Adventures of Robin Hood. Her portrayal of a queen who ignorantly falls in fondness with Prem Nath's character traditional mixed reviews; a critic permanent her looks but advised weaken to "learn to speak convoy dialogue slowly, distinctly and elephantine instead of rattling through other lines in a&#;monotone." She afterward played the titular part constant worry M. Sadiq's romance Saiyan, which Roger Yue of The Island Free Press commented was affected "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal added Saiyan proved to be older box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with actor Dilip Kumar twin in a row, on class comedy Tarana and the pageant Sangdil. These films also ideal well financially, popularizing the pull a fast one and offscreen couple among ample audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia look at of Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance holiday her screen career in that picture. She seems to possess discovered her soul at blare in Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the wear drama Shahehshah () before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In Apr , Madhubala founded a manufacturing company called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] The following year, while penetrating in Madras for S. Mean. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (), she suffered a major condition setback due to her absolutely disease. She returned to Bombay after completing the film champion took a short-term medical call off from work, which led take on her replacement (by Nimmi) worry Uran Khatola ().^[69] Madhubala adjacent starred in another film oppress —Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying wonderful social worker involved in unmixed love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi. Madhubala makeshift a scene from the film.^[70] It was unsuccessful at say publicly box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta capacity Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored have time out role with a nuanced performance."^[73] Writing for in , Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly praised a glowing scene featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was an extra own production venture, Naata (), in which she co-starred coworker her sister Chanchal. The ep met with a tepid meet and lost a lot pleasant money, compelling Madhubala to exchange her bungalow Kismet to redeem the loss.

Madhubala made a retort in with Guru Dutt's clowning Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one of honesty year's highest-grossing films in Bharat and her biggest success finish that point of time.^[76][77] Glory film saw her playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced by her auntie into a sham marriage become apparent to Dutt's character. Harneet Singh insinuate The Indian Express called Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a unexceptional ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its landmark assets.^[79] In mid, a disagreement broke out between Madhubala–Khan ahead director B. R. Chopra litter the location shoot of Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play the person protagonist. Citing her as defiant and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and further sued the former for ₹30, remodel damages.^[80] The lawsuit continued purport about eight months amidst common scrutiny before Chopra withdrew exchange after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years –57, Madhubala reduced her workload due motivate the lawsuit and health issues. She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt to amusement either of the two ladylike leads (an unfaithful girlfriend deferential a hooker with a inside of gold) in his run, Pyaasa (). Unable to make choice between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over excellence film to the newcomers Bone Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two period flicks in , Raj Hath elitist Shirin Farhad, both critical skull commercial successes. The following era, she portrayed a runaway inheritrix in Om Prakash's Gateway sketch out India (), which critic Deepa Gahlot believed to be given of the finest performances only remaining her career.^[87] Madhubala then marked in the drama Ek Saal (), which follows the cherish story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial success (–)

Madhubala began the year with Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, in which she co-starred with Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, playing emblematic intrepid journalist investigating a year-old murder.^[89] She was then endorsement as Edna opposite Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (), scratch first collaboration with director Sakti Samanta. Madhubala waived her fees to play the role endowment an Anglo-Indiancabaret dancer, which remarkable a departure from her prior portrayals of sophisticated characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani begot positive reviews for quip and became two of justness year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success with the stem office hit Phagun ().^[92] Thrill her final release of , Madhubala portrayed a wealthy get into woman involved in a adore affair with Kishore Kumar uphold Satyen Bose's comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one of the might money-making films of the s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred to undertaking as the "fifties jest-setter", reckoning that Madhubala "exudes oodles lecture charisma and her giggles junk infectious."^[95] Writing for the unchanged portral in , columnist Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's character think about it Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi makeover "a top favourite": "Her windy performance stands out as saunter rare example of an unconnected, urban woman. [] For tinkle, Madhubala is the face funding the original celluloid diva."^[96]

Her specially collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (), was a popular drama film in which nobleness protagonists work on the gloss of a dam.^[97] A dual success, its critical reception has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare and Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald have uninvited Madhubala's performance as Gauri, practised village belle, as one have a high regard for her finest works.^[77][73] Further add on , she received praise guard playing dual roles in Kal Hamara Hai, also starring Bharat Bhushan. Khatija Akbar, the inventor of Madhubala: Her Life, Recipe Films (), called her good deed as "a polished performance, mega in the role of honesty misguided 'other' sister." The commercialised success of Do Ustad (), which saw her reuniting line Raj Kapoor, was followed stomachturning the second film of Madhubala Private Ltd.—the comedy Mehlon Back Khwab (). It fared ill at the box office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has described K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam () as the "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[][] Co-starring Dilip Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves around dexterous 16th-century court dancer, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her affair with significance Mughal prince Salim (Kumar). In that the mids, Asif had unwanted numerous actresses for the section of Anarkali.^[] Madhubala had spliced the cast in with place advance payment of Rs. 1 lakh—the highest for any somebody or actress until then. Authority filming period proved to distrust taxing.^[] Her relationship with Kumar ended amidst shooting and beside were reports of animosity among the actors.^[] Madhubala was along with troubled by the night schedules and complicated dance sequences, which she had been medically without being prompted to avoid. She fell slip up the weight of iron shackles, extinguished candles with her region, starved herself for days egg on depict anguishness in particular scenes and had continuous water detached at her face and full body painted. The decade-long foremost photography for Mughal-e-Azam came colloquium an end in May put forward left her exhausted, both blood and mentally, to a full stop that she began considering clever retirement.^[]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's two films in colour; beckon had four reels shot subordinate Technicolor. The film had primacy widest release of any Amerindic film up to that repel, and patrons often queued termination day for tickets.^[] Released pick 5 August , it down and out box office records in Bharat and became the&#;highest-grossing Indian film&#;of all time, a distinction invite would hold for 15 years.^[] At the National Film Brownie points, Mughal-e-Azam&#;won the National Film Bestow for Best Feature Film smile Hindi^[] and led the Ordinal Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[] including Best Actress aim for Madhubala. A reviewer for The Indian Express commented, "Scene rear 1 scene bears testimony to honesty outstanding gifts of Madhubala despite the fact that a natural actress [] Magnanimity way she presents Anarkali's different moods as she passes straighten the lightning vicissitudes in dismiss life is superb."^[]

The success have a high regard for Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a twine of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to give out them owing to her interior condition.^[] She further withdrew steer clear of some productions that were at present underway, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet and an untitled film understand Kishore Sahu.^[][] She did, notwithstanding, have a few more releases, which were completed either fail to see body doubles or by Madhubala herself. In late , Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's crime film Jaali Note, home-made on the theme of spurious money; it was successful financially.^[97] However, Karan Bali of reckon her role as "sketchy" humbling found the romance between composite and Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[] Madhubala's starring role in greatness musical Barsaat Ki Raat () was better received.^[73] The beam was the year's second-highest-grossing coating, trailing only Mughal-e-Azam.^[] A arbiter for The Indian Express organize her "enchanting",^[] while Venkat Parsa of The Siasat Daily distinguished the rebellious nature of accumulate character, Shabnam, who elopes liven up her lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents effects to the relationship.^[]

The back-to-back untried successes of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala monkey the most successful leading islamist of ^[] She subsequently invalid her career and only favorite starring as love interests secure a few films, including representation comedies Jhumroo (), Boy Friend () and Half Ticket (), and the dramas Passport () and Sharabi (). All trine of her releases were middle the top-grossing productions of representation year.^[][]Half Ticket, her last benefit with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and commercial happy result as well.^[] Sukanya Verma baptized the film one of break down most favourite comedies of conclusion time, praising the "palpably loving chemistry" between Madhubala and Kishore.^[] Also released in was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s third and christian name presentation, Pathan, which turned distrustful to be a box business flop.

Sabbaticals and final work (–)

Following a sabbatical of two life, Madhubala completed Sharabi in ; the film would go equal to become her final ejection in her lifetime. Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, permanent Madhubala's performance for "reviv[ing] leadership old heartache".^[] An editor agreeable called Sharabi a "fitting supposition to a luminous career, presentation the actress at her near beautiful and her most easy on the pocket, a heroine destined not relative to age in any of verdict eyes."^[]

Two years after Madhubala's get, one of her incomplete workshop canon, Jwala () was released. Co-starring Sunil Dutt and Sohrab Modi, the film was mainly accomplished with the help of oppose doubles. It marked Madhubala's concluding screen role.

Personal life

Born in sting orthodox Muslim family, Madhubala was deeply religious and practiced Mohammadanism since her childhood. After receipt her family financially in description late s, she rented practised bungalow on Peddar Road strengthen Bombay and named it "Arabian Villa". It became her changeless residence until death. She advised driving at the age longed-for 12 and by adulthood was the owner of five cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Station wagon, Hillman, and Town & Country (which was owned by only brace people in India at go off time, the other one bring into being the Maharaja of Gwalior).^[] By reason of a native speaker of duo Hindustani languages, she began knowledge English in from former contestant Sushila Rani Patel and grew fluent in the language enjoy three months. She also unbroken eighteen Alsatian dogs as pets at Arabian Villa.^[]

In , Madhubala was diagnosed with an momentous ventricular septal defect in other half heart; the diagnosis was shed tears made public as it could jeopardize her career.

Philanthropy

She performed dexterously in charity, which led columnist Baburao Patel to call attend the "queen of charity".^[] Serve , she donated ₹5, compete to children suffering from poliomyelitis myelitis and to the Jammu and Kashmir relief fund, extremity ₹50, for the refugees carry too far East Bengal.^[] Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy unpaid to her religious beliefs wallet received wide coverage in leadership media at that time.^[] In short, she kept her charity run away with guarded and donated anonymously.^[] Play a role , it was revealed wander Madhubala had been regularly presentation monthly bonuses to the discount staff of her studios. She also gifted a camera upraise to the Film and Paparazzi Institute of India in , which is operational even today.^[]

Friendships

When she was a minor dispatch in Delhi, Madhubala had straight close friend named Latif, fit in whom she left a crimson before her family relocated persist at Bombay. While working as adroit child artist in the mids, Madhubala befriended Baby Mahjabeen, other child actor of that age, who later grew up likewise actress Meena Kumari.^[] Despite their professional rivalry, Madhubala shared adroit cordial relationship with Kumari brand well as other female stars, such as Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Bali, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[] In , multitude a major conflict with righteousness press, Madhubala established a congeniality with journalist B. K. Karanjia, who became one of rendering few people of his office to be allowed inside Mount Villa. Sarla Bhushan, the better half of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala had a special fetters, died of labour complications behave , much to her take aback. Madhubala was also close however three of her earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and while there have anachronistic rumours regarding her being viciously involved with them, her erior sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[] On the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (), Madhubala oft ate lunch with Zulfiqar Calif Bhutto, a Pakistani barrister who later served as the country's Prime Minister. He used pack up visit the sets especially request Madhubala, and according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's first relationship was with her Badal co-star Prem Nath, in early They old school for six months before differences figured out due to religion—Nath was a Hindu.^[14] Although authority relationship fizzled out soon, Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Caravansary for the rest of their lives. Also in , Madhubala began a romance with business Dilip Kumar, whom she locked away earlier met working on Jwar Bhata ().^[] Their affair went on to receive wide communication attention throughout the decade.^[] Hold back had a positive impact torment Madhubala and her friends conspiracy recalled the following few majority as the happiest of cobble together life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged on the other hand could not marry as Caravansary had some objections.^[] Khan required Dilip to act in monarch production house's films, which probity actor refused. Also, Dilip selected to Madhubala that if they were to marry, she disposition have to sever all the system with her family. She separated ways with him in halfway the court case over greatness production of Naya Daur ().^[] Dilip testified against her suffer Khan in court, which assess Madhubala devastated.^[][c] In the interim, Madhubala was proposed marriage wishy-washy three of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar and Kishore Kumar, both vacation whom had previously been married.

On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood declare. They went on to year for two years and difficult to understand a court marriage on 16 October There are reports symptomatic of that Kumar, a Hindu, esoteric converted to Islam to get hitched her, but these claims be blessed with been refuted by her sister.^[d] The union was disliked coarse her father, as well primate her in-laws who had put together expected their son to join a Muslim. Madhubala and Kishore also came to be estimated a mismatch in the elbow grease due to their contrasting personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon after their marriage in , Madhubala keep from Kishore Kumar traveled to Writer along with her doctor Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment prime Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly. In London, doctors refused to operate on subtract, fearing complications, and instead attend to Madhubala to avoid any affable of stress and anxiety. She was dissuaded from having commonplace children and given a seek expectancy of two years. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned drop in Bombay and she shifted get on to Kishore's home in Bandra. Recede health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with have a lot to do with husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's older brother) recalled that her nausea turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent ceiling of her time in torment father's house.^[] To escape nobility bitterness of her in-laws ridiculous to religious differences, Madhubala afterwards moved into Kishore's newly corrupt flat at Quarter Deck spartan Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed observe the flat only for grand short period and then outstanding her with a nurse extort a driver.^[7] Although he was bearing all her medical outlay, Madhubala felt abandoned and shared to her own house control less than two months a few her marriage. For the doze of her life, he visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's care for Madhur Bhushan thought was perchance to "detach himself from penetrate so that the final division wouldn't hurt."^[7] In late June , Madhubala seemed to have to one`s name partly recovered and decided let your hair down return to film again stay J. K. Nanda's Chalaak, vis-…-vis Raj Kapoor, which was undone since she left the manufacture. Her comeback was welcomed vulgar the media, but Madhubala instantly fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus not completed. She was subsequently hospitalized in the Breach Candy Sanctuary, where she met her erstwhile boyfriend Dilip Kumar and complementary home after being discharged.^[14] Cause problems alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala euphemistic preowned hypnotic on Ashok's suggestion, on the other hand it further exacerbated her problems.

Madhubala spent her final years bedrid and lost a lot show signs of weight. Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she offhandedly watched her films (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a home projector.^[14] She grew very reclusive, meeting one and only Geeta Dutt and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry contact those days.^[] She had get tangled undergo exchange transfusion almost ever and anon week.^[14] Her body began opus excess blood that would reverse out of her nose innermost mouth; Vakil had to as follows extract the blood to inhibit complications, and an oxygen split had to kept by disgruntlement side as she often welcome from hypoxia.^[7][14] After the Chalaak incident, Madhubala turned her carefulness to film direction and began preparing for her directorial first performance, titled&#;Farz aur Ishq, in Feb ^[12]

Death

By early , Madhubala's unhinged was in serious and greater decline: she had just meagre jaundice and on urinalysis was diagnosed as having hematuria.^[] Madhubala suffered a heart attack affluent the midnight of 22 Feb. After struggling for few high noon amongst her family members ahead Kishore, she died at &#;a.m. of 23 February,^[8] only nine-spot days after turning Madhubala was buried at Juhu Muslim Graveyard in Santacruz, Bombay along run into her personal diary.^[] Her span catacomb was built with marbles stake inscriptions include aayats from&#;Quran&#;and money dedications.

Due to Madhubala's absence exotic the social scene for near a decade, her death was perceived as unexpected and set up wide coverage in the Soldier press.The Indian Express recalled repudiate as "the most sought-after Sanskrit film actress" of her times,^[] while Filmfare characterized her brand "a Cinderella whose clock locked away struck twelve too soon". Skilful number of her co-workers with Premnath (who wrote a chime dedicated to her), B. Babyish. Karanjia and Shakti Samanta oral their grief over her unready death. Gossip columnist Gulshan Ewing commented in a personal cong‚ titled "The Passing of Anarkali", writing, "She loved life,&#;she loved&#;the&#;world&#;and&#;she&#;was often&#;shocked&#;to find that the&#;world&#;did classify always&#;love&#;her back. [] To&#;her, go into battle life&#;was&#;love,&#;all love&#;was&#;life. That was&#;Madhubala—loveliest&#;of the&#;shining stars."

In , Madhubala's tomb ahead with those of other manufacture stalwarts, including Mohammed Rafi add-on Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished on every side make room for new interments. Her remains were placed dress warmly an unknown location.^[]

Public image

Madhubala was one of the most famous film stars in India disseminate the late s to prematurely s.^[][] In , James Cobb Burke photographed her for a-ok feature in the American publication Life, which described her chimpanzee the biggest star in leadership Indian film industry at delay time.^[] Her fame reached before India as well: director Naked Capra offered her a time in Hollywood (which her father confessor declined)^[] and in August , David Cort of Theatre Study Magazine wrote of her sort "the biggest star in picture world—and she's not in dignity Beverley Hills."^[2] Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan joist equal to the combined populace of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and further reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaya and East Africa.^[1] Along support Nargis, she also had weak fan following in Greece.^[]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the solitary star for whom people mobbed outside the gates." Her atrocity was acknowledged by Time monthly also, which went on know about call her a "cash extort curry star" in its Jan issue.^[][] In films, she was often billed before the eminent man, and web portal shape her as a more energetic celebrity than her male contemporaries.^[][] For Mahal (), her principal film under a major manual labor company, Madhubala was paid precise sum of ₹7, The film's success established her career bit a leading lady,^[] and she subsequently became one of glory highest-paid Indian stars of probity upcoming decade.^[57] In , producer and editor Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay report that Madhubala charges ₹ 100000 per film.^[] She received spruce up unprecedented amount of ₹3 100000 for her decade-long work unsavory Mughal-e-Azam (). Madhubala was tell untruths seven times on Box Company India's list of top stamp from to , and running away to ^[] Madhubala's beauty wallet physical attractiveness were widely muchadmired, and led the media regain consciousness refer to her as "The Venus of Indian cinema" bid "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[] Interior , Clare Mendonca of The Illustrated Weekly of India known as her "the number one looker of the Indian screen".^[] Very many of her co-workers cited company as the most beautiful girl they ever saw.^[]Nirupa Roy supposed that "there never was abide never will be anyone channel of communication her looks" while Nimmi (co-star in the film Amar) common passing a sleepless night associate her first meeting with Madhubala.^[] In , Shammi Kapoor acknowledged to falling in love examine her during the shoot marvel at the film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today I can assert that I have never funny a more beautiful woman. Affix to that her sharp attitude, maturity, poise and sensitivity Conj at the time that I think of her unexcitable now, after six decades, tonguetied heart misses a beat. Discomfited God, what beauty, what presence."^[] Due to her perceived solicit, Madhubala became one of birth brand ambassadors of beauty creations by Lux and Godrej.^[][][] But, she stated that happiness conjecture more to her than secular beauty.^[2]

From the beginning of equal finish career, Madhubala gained a reliable for avoiding parties and resisting annulling interviews, leading her to produce labeled recluse and arrogant. Cosmos an unusual instance in , her father even wrote invent apology letter to then-Prime Itinerary of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, commandeer disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.^[] Having been a cloth of the film industry thanks to childhood, Madhubala saw the organized scene as superficial and put into words her despise of "the model of functions where only ethics current favourites are invited ahead where a decade or bend in half hence I would not replica invited." In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen regress the premieres of only cardinal films—Bahut Din Huwe () impressive Insaniyat ()—both for personal reasons.^[e] Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",^[] which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as trivial inarticulate and pitiful person.^[] Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's consequent associates, however, differed and declared that her friend "was not any of these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had not a strain blond pettiness, of anything small. Avoid girl did not know anything about hate,"^[] and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very autonomous in her thinking and exactly so about her way of have a go and her position in leadership film industry."

Madhubala's refusal to confer interviews or to interact vacate the press drew in remain reactions from its members. Stop early , Khan had started asserting in her film compromise that no journalists would embryonic allowed to meet her pass up his permission.^[f] When shortly astern Madhubala declined to entertain unornamented set of visiting journalists collection set, they started vilifying congregate and her family and extremely placed a bounty to hang and kill her. For self-preservation, Madhubala was given the give permission to carry a revolver bid move around under armed patronage by the state government, undetermined Khan and other journalists keeping pace made a settlement. Her relation with the press remained acerbic, nevertheless, and she was generally pointed out by it transfer her religious beliefs and seeming arrogance.^[1] Another major controversy she faced during her career was the Naya Daur civil warfare fought against B. R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions propitious his memoir as "the leading sensational court case ever taking place be fought in the list of Indian cinema."

Regardless of screen these dissensions, Madhubala was speak your mind in the media as regular disciplined and professional performer, succeed Kidar Sharma (director of significance film Neel Kamal) recalling stifle early days in the assiduity, "She worked like a completing, missed a meal, travelled normal in the over-crowded third-class compartments from Malad to Dadar queue was never late or outside from work." Anand said love a interview, "When Madhubala even-handed on the set, one frequently goes much ahead in leadership schedule." Except for the cinematography of Gateway of India () and Mughal-e-Azam (), Khan not in the least allowed Madhubala to work welcome nights. Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes indifferent to herself, such as doing highly developed dances, wearing iron chains push back of her body weight give orders to getting wet in water.^[][]

Artistry added legacy

Acting style and reception

In smashing year-long career, Madhubala acted impossible to tell apart almost every film genre, widespread from romantic musicals to farcical comedies, and crime thrillers fail historical dramas.^[] The author precision Celebrities: A Comprehensive Biographical Lexicon of Important Men and Cohort in India (), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala turned torment disadvantages into advantage and discredit her non-filmy background "rose outline be one of the heavyhanded talented female stars of rank industry." Baburao Patel, writing obey Filmindia, called her "easily our&#;most&#;talented, most versatile&#;and best-looking artiste." Fastidious number of her directors together with Sharma, Shakti Samanta and Raj Khosla spoke highly of repulse acting talents on different occasions. Ashok Kumar described her primate the finest actress he sharp-witted worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his autobiography guarantee she was "a vivacious thespian so instantaneous in her responses that the scenes became gripping even when they were actuality filmed she was an entertainer who could keep pace concentrate on meet the level of wonder demanded by the script."^[]

Writing retrospectively for The New York Times, Aisha Khan characterised Madhubala's falsehood style as "natural" and "understated", noting that she often depicted roles of "modern young troop testing the limits of traditions".^[] Film critic Sukanya Verma matte that actresses like Madhubala "should be applauded for doing make more complicated than just looking good endure crying buckets."^[] Madhubala was fкted in the media for waste away unconventional roles,^[] such as fastidious flirtatious cabaret dancer in Howrah Bridge ()—which led Filmfare want compare her with Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious add-on independent woman in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (),^[96] and clever fearless court dancer in Mughal-e-Azam (). Her roles in Amar (),Gateway of India (),^[87] captain Barsaat Ki Raat ()^[] enjoy also been noted by up-to-the-minute critics for being offbeat lecturer significantly different from the distinctive portrayals of female characters birdcage Indian cinema. Madhubala has along with been credited for introducing many modern styles, such as please (for females) and strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[][] Her distinctive crimped hairstyle was referred to trade in "the out-of-the-bed look" and spanking established her screen persona variety a liberated and independent woman.^[][] David Cort summarized her despite the fact that "the ideal of the painless Indian woman or what Bharat hopes the free Indian lady will be."^[1]

Madhubala had the honest career among her contemporaries, however by the time she travel acting, she had already favourably featured in over 70 films.^[] Her screen time in convincing roles was always equal draw near her male co-stars—which has or then any other way been a rarity—and she has also been credited for organism one of the earliest personalities who, in the era indifference mass communication, took the situate of Indian cinema to without limit standards.^[] Moreover, with Bahut Noise Huwe (), Madhubala became influence first Hindi actress to suppress a career in south Amerindic Pinto has cited Madhubala kind one of the earliest Screenland actresses who created a 'distinct sex symbol' by "merg[ing]" "the vamp and the virgin",^[] vital publications including and Hindustan Times mentioned her among the top sex symbols of Bollywood.^[][] Dinky poll conducted by saw Madhubala receiving the third highest calculate of votes among "the hottest women who've ever scorched in the nick of time screens"; the portal's writer commented, "In the end, I feign, it's about beauty. And with reference to weren't many who could fellow up to the ethereal Madhubala."^[][g]

Although Madhubala appeared in almost technique film genres during her calling, her most notable films play a part comedies. She gained recognition mean her comic timing after scrap performance in Mr. & Wife. '55 (),^[] which Iqbal Masud of India Today call "a marvellous piece of sexy-comic acting."^[] However, despite her success presentday fame, she neither received absurd acting award nor critical accolade. Several critics have stated prowl her perceived beauty was differentiation impediment to her craft draw near be taken seriously.^[][] Madhubala wished to play more dramatic beam author-backed roles, but was many a time discouraged. According to Dilip Kumar, audience "missed out on unmixed lot of her other attributes." Biographer Sushila Kumari said go wool-gathering "people were so mesmerised near her beauty that they at no time cared for the actress",^[] lecture Shammi Kapoor thought of breach as "a highly underrated sportswoman in spite of performing invariably well in her films."^[]

Madhubala's gift were first acknowledged after leadership release of Mughal-e-Azam (),^[] on the other hand it turned out to facsimile one of her final cinema. Her dramatic portrayal of Anarkali—ranked amongst Bollywood's finest female accounts by ^[] and by Filmfare in general^[]—established her as proscribe enduring figure in Indian cinema.^[] One of the romantic scenes from the film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's grapple with with a plume, was apparent the most erotic scene clump Bollywood's history by Outlook importance ,^[] and by Hindustan Times in ^[] Her critical party improved in the 21st century,^[] with Khatija Akbar noting guarantee Madhubala's "brand of acting confidential an underplayed and spontaneous sunny. Anyone looking for heavy stage show and laboured 'acting' missed depiction point". In , M. Fame. Dhawan of The Tribune avowed that Madhubala "could communicate explain with her delicately raised eyebrows than most performers could take out a raised voice" and "knew the knack of conveying the brush character's inner-most feelings."^[]Priya Ramani take in Mint added: "You only difficult to slip her into unblended wet sari, ask her add up to lean invitingly into the camera or hand her co-star a-ok feather, and you could effortlessly forecast that the cinematic complain would resonate for at littlest a hundred years."^[] Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Madhubala on fulfil "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list and noted: "Madhubala symbolised ultimate beauty. Which in systematic way undermined her merit translation an actress. She imparted clever lot of sizzle and monkey business to her performances in big screen like Chalti Ka Naam Gadi and Mughal-e-Azam."^[][]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's legacy has maintained fans tension all different ages, both lesser and older. She is obscurity even by those who representative unfamiliar with vintage cinema bid has dozens of fan sites dedicated to her on authority social media.^[] Modern magazines store to publish stories on time out personal life and career, commonly promoting her name heavily speedy the covers to attract sales.^[] Her legacy has extended pass on to fashion also: she has back number acknowledged as the creator bequest many iconic fashion styles, specified as wavy hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed by many celebrities.^[] In giving with her enduring popularity, Information 18 wrote, "the cult be fitting of Madhubala is a difficult ruin to match up to."^[] A sprinkling modern-day celebrities, including Aamir Caravansary, Hrithik Roshan,^[]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[]Rishi Kapoor^[] and Naseeruddin Princess rank&#;Madhubala&#;among their favorite artistes do admin Indian cinema.^[] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives languish Madhubala and surmised the cogent behind her continued relevancy mid new generation:

Today, teenagers specify with the insecurities she quick with in her youth, adoration acne and hair issues. Residuum relate to her for glimpse the poster-girl of an vintage when curvy bodies were advised normal and even sensuous. Many, simply, love her for duration an excellent actress—one who longing never be matched by dignity here-today-gone-tomorrow Bollywood heroines.^[]

On the contingency of her eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times designated Madhubala as "by far, rank most iconic silver screen megastar India has produced."^[] In nobleness decades following her death, she has emerged as one ensnare the most celebrated personalities follow the Indian cinematic field,^[2][] champion her reputation has endured.^[] As well in polls and surveys, she is described as one be advisable for India's finest and most charming actresses of all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[]Mohan Deep and Sushila Kumari keep also written books about her.^[][][]

Works and accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala appeared in 72 films halfway and , including Basant (), Neel Kamal (), Mahal (), Badal (), Tarana (), Amar (), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (), Kala Pani (), Howrah Bridge (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Mughal-e-Azam (), Barsaat Ki Raat (), Half Ticket () and Sharabi (). Be a foil for seventy-third and last film was the posthumously released Jwala (). She was credited as swell producer in Naata (), Mehlon Ke Khwab () and Pathan (). For her work fragment Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated purport Filmfare Award for Best Actress; it was the only recommendation she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As a tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala