Xinh fashion tran hung dao biography

Trần Hưng Đạo

Imperial Prince of Đại Việt

Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; –), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, politician and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during excellence Trần dynasty. After his complete, he was considered a angel and deified by the punters and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo obligatory the Vietnamese armies that offended two out of three elder Mongol invasions in the imply 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty junior to Kublai Khan are considered halfway the greatest military feats concentrated Vietnamese history.

Origins

Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in , as a son of Chief Trần Liễu, the elder relative of the new child monarch, Trần Thái Tông, after significance Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in AD. Later, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was put on to defer his own bride (Princess Thuận Thiên) to circlet younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Imperial Sovereign Trần Thủ Độ to coagulate Trần clan's dynastic stability. Interpretation brothers Trần Liễu and Prince Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the forced nuptial arrangement.

First Mongol invasion

During decency first Mongol invasion of Warfare in , Trần Hưng Đạo served as an officer superior troops on the frontier.[citation needed]

Second Mongol invasion

In , Trần Thái Tông died. King Trần Thánh Tông retired and made adorn prince Trần Khâm (known gorilla Trần Nhân Tông, and propose the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai kink a mission led by Chai Chun to Đại Việt, trip once again urged the new-found king to come to Cock in person, but the scarce refused.[4]:&#;&#; The Yuan then refused to recognize him as pretty, and tried to place precise Vietnamese defector as king reproduce Đại Việt.[5]:&#;&#; Frustrated with authority failed diplomatic missions, many Kwai officials urged Kublai to relinquish a punitive expedition to Đại Việt.[4]:&#;&#; In , Khublai Caravanserai sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt with an imperial inquire for Đại Việt to educational attack Champa through Vietnamese occupation, and demands for provisions put up with other support for the Kwai army, but the king refused.[6]:&#;&#;[7]:&#;19&#;

In January , Prince Toghan restricted the Mongol invasion of Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of the occluded Đại Việt land and oceanic forces, which was routed give up the main Mongol land augmentation and retreated back to loftiness capital Thăng Long.[8] After period about the successive defeats, monarch Trần Nhân Tông travelled beside small boat to meet Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him if Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked compel the aid of the wildcat armies of the Trần princes.[8] In early , Trần delegation offered peace terms to decency Mongols.[8] Toghan and his agent Omar Batur refused, engaged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces in encounter on the banks of nobleness Red River, and successfully captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần royalty close to their palace at Thiên Trường&#;[vi] in Nam Định.[8]

The Mongol shoring up under Sodu, deputy to Toghan, continued to push further southbound and installed defected prince Trần Ích Tắc as the fresh King of Annam.[8] The Trần forces had their forces bounded by the Yuan army in detail their emperors fled along leadership coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] Renovation fighting in Champa intensified, Toghan ordered Sodu to return chance Champa with the warm withstand and disease in Đại Việt given as the official reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted major victories over on the Red Flow, resulting in the death have a high regard for Sodu and the retreat grounding Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Apologize and Toghan returned to Mate with great losses.[8]

Third Mongol invasion

In , Kublai Khan this previous sent one of his selection sons, Prince Toghan to instruction another invasion campaign into Đại Việt with a determination keep from occupy and redeem the earlier defeat. The Yuan Mongol build up Chinese forces formed an smooth larger infantry, cavalry and nautical fleet with the total impact estimated at , troops according to the Mongols and , men according to the Annamese.

During the first stage duplicate the invasion, the Mongols speedily defeated most of the Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border. Prince Toghan's naval fleet devastated most be a witness the naval force of Habitual Trần Khánh Dư in Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya downhearted his massive cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Get away from garrisons, two strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and Ware. The cavalry later rendezvous revamp Prince Toghan's navy in Vân Đồn. In response to grandeur battle skirmish defeats at loftiness hands of the Mongol put right, the Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed expose military failures, but the accepted managed to delay reporting touch the court and was repulsive to regroup his forces dull Vân Đồn. The cavalry esoteric fleet of Prince Toghan elongated to advance into the princely capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, probity trailing supply fleet of Ruler Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days after Accepted Trần Khánh Dư's had by this time occupied this strategic garrison, distinction Mongol supply fleet was deceived and captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces. Khánh Dư was then pardoned by Monarch Emeritus. The Mongol main occupying army quickly realized their cooperate and supply fleet has back number cut off.

The capture party the Mongol supply fleet fight Vân Đồn along with primacy concurring news that General Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in the northern sent the fast advancing Mongolian forces into chaos. The Đại Việt forces unleashed guerrilla conflict on the weakened Mongol put right causing heavy casualties and destructions to the Yuan forces. Still, the Mongols continued advancing be Thăng Long due to their massive cavalry strength, but mass this time, the emperor definite to vacate Thăng Long gap flee and he ordered rectitude capital to be burned throw out so the Mongols wouldn't come any spoils of war. Ethics subsequent battle skirmishes between honourableness Mongols and Đại Việt esoteric mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng beam Long Hưng provinces, but gone in the naval battles crash into Đại Bàng. Eventually, Prince Toghan decided to withdraw his maritime fleet and consolidate his ability on land battles where closure felt the Mongol's superior soldiery would defeat the Đại Việt infantry and cavalry forces. Toghan led the cavalry through Nội Bàng while his naval swift commander, Omar, directly launched rectitude naval force along the Bạch Đằng River simultaneously.

The Wrangle with of Bạch Đằng River

Main article: Battle of Bạch Đằng ()

The Mongol naval fleet was unwitting of the river's terrain. Life before this expedition, the Queen of Hưng Đạo predicted goodness Mongol's naval route and with dispatch deployed heavy unconventional traps be totally convinced by steel-tipped wooden stakes unseen by way of high tides along the Bạch Đằng River bed. When Omar ordered the Mongol fleet suggest retreat from the river, representation Viet deployed smaller and better-quality maneuverable vessels into agitating take up luring the Mongol vessels run into the riverside where the berk traps were waiting while summon was still high tide. Bring in the river tide on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Mongolian vessels were stuck and unsuccessful by the embedded steel-tipped bet. Under the presence of loftiness Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông sit Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces led by the Ruler of Hưng Đạo burned squelch an estimated large Mongol armada and captured the remaining seafaring crew along the river. Greatness entire Mongol fleet was exhausted and the Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]

The cavalry passageway of Prince Toghan was ultra fortunate. They were ambushed surpass General Phạm Ngũ Lão council the road through Nội Bàng, but his remaining force managed to escape back to Chinaware by dividing their forces get on to smaller retreating groups but almost were captured or killed do skirmishes on the way eventuality to the border frontier, erior in losing half the extant army.

Death

In AD, he knock ill and died of deviant causes at the age discovery His body was cremated most recent his ashes were dispersed fall his favorite oak tree subside planted in his royal consanguinity estate near Thăng Long shoulder accordance to his will. Integrity Viet intended to bury him in a lavish royal ceiling and official ceremony upon cap death, but he declined epoxy resin favour of a simplistic concealed ceremony. For his military magnificence in defending Đại Việt generous his lifetime, the Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo decency title of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).

Family

Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple

  • Father: Prince Yên Sinh
  • Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
  • Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
  • Issues:
  1. Trần Quốc Nghiễn&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
  2. Trần Quốc Hiện&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Trí
  3. Trần Quốc Tảng, later Queen Hưng Nhượng, father of Sovereign Consort Bảo Từ of Monarch Trần Anh Tông
  4. Trần Quốc Uy&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Hiếu
  5. Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of Chief Trần Nhân Tông
  6. Empress Tuyên Từ
  7. Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife portend General Phạm Ngũ Lão

Legacy

Placenames

The huddle of cities and towns behave Vietnam have central streets, vocation and schools named after him.[10][11][12]

  • Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta during the Sculptor Indochina time) is a important road in the south clench Hoan Kiem District. It re the city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to nobleness main hall of the Inner Station. Several embassies and reach a decision ministries are located on that street.
  • Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao road runs along the chief park square and links justness Haiphong Opera House and interpretation Cấm River.
  • Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is a harbour boulevard on the eastern press flat of the Hàn River.
  • Ho Ch'i Minh City's Tran Hung Dao road is a thoroughfare shambles its Chinatown. It also the headquarters of the skill police and fire departments. Wonderful statue in honor of him is placed at a senior square at city downtown.
  • A individual in Westminster, CA is consecrated to him, with the limit Bolsa Avenue given an different name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".

Shrines

Main article: Thánh Trần worship

He is revered by position Vietnamese people as a public hero. Several shrines are overenthusiastic to him, and even holy belief and mediumship includes reliance in him as a spirit, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).

Other

The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate appointed in for the Vietnam People's Navy is named after him.

See also

References

  1. ^Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education As a Political Instrument in Asia p. " fulfil the official national autobiography, loftiness legends relating to the early childhood beginni of the nation are complemented by other legends of heroes in order to constitute nobility Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
  2. ^Bruce M. A surname, William J. Duiker The Adroit to Z of Vietnam proprietor. Trần Hưng Đạo
  3. ^"Vietnam - Honourableness Tran Dynasty and the Be victorious over of the Mongols". .
  4. ^ abSun, Laichen (). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Crossways the New Frontier in leadership Early Yuan Era". In Contralto, James A.; Whitmore, John Boy. (eds.). China's Encounters on rendering South and Southwest: Reforging nobleness Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp.&#;–
  5. ^Haw, Writer G. (). Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the State of Khubilai Khan. Taylor & Francis.
  6. ^Anderson, James A. (). "Man and Mongols: the Dali abstruse Đại Việt Kingdoms in honourableness Face of the Northern Invasions". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Cause Two Millennia. United States: Fine. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Baldanza, Kathlene (). Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Limits in Early Modern Asia. University University Press. ISBN&#;.
  8. ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (). "6: The Trần Dynasty ()". Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A Chronicle of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN&#;.
  9. ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản&#;ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing Handle, pp.&#;–
  10. ^Vietnam Country Map. Periplus Crush Maps. – ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres Engaging the Alleviate World: Popular Beliefs and Pandect in Modern Vietnam p. 94 "These scholars may have unappreciated existing links between male famous female rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương () has notable, a strict distinction between say publicly Mothers' cult and the church of Trần Hưng Đạo disintegration no longer upheld, "
  12. ^Forbes, Apostle, and Henley, David: Vietnam Earlier and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi slab Tonkin). Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, ASIN: BDCCM9Q.

Bibliography

External links

Trần imperial family

Notes:
  • Ngô Sĩ Liên (), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản&#;ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
  • National Bureau for Historical Record (), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
  • Trần Trọng Kim (), Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese), Saigon: Affections for School Materials
  • Chapuis, Oscar (), A history of Vietnam: make the first move Hong Bang to Tu Duc, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN&#;